ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ PHÂN BÓN NPK HỮU CƠ VI SINH DẠNG HẠT NPK 13-13-7+5% OM+10⁶ CFU/G (TN1) ĐẾN NĂNG SUẤT CÂY CAM VALENCIA LATE (V2) VÀ CÁC CHỈ TIÊU SỨC KHỎE ĐẤT TẠI TỈNH THANH HÓA

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a bio-organic NPK fertilizer (TN1: 13-13-7 + 5% OM + 10⁶ CFU/g) applied as a basal fertilizer on orange trees grown on two different soil types, in comparison with the commonly used chemical NPK fertilizer (16-16-8). The results showed that TN1 enhanced plant vigor, improved nutrient uptake, and increased resistance to major pests and diseases. Although the optimal treatment (CT4) supplied lower amounts of NPK than the chemical control (185.0–201.5 kg/ha N; 125.0–141.5 kg/ha P₂O₅; 155.0–160.5 kg/ha K₂O), TN1 still produced superior performance when applied at equivalent fertilization levels. Yield increased by 10.2–10.5%, and CT4 achieved the highest economic return, ranging from 327.259 to 336.814 million VND per hectare.

Furthermore, TN1 improved the efficiency of N, P, and K utilization; enriched soil organic matter; and increased populations of beneficial microorganisms, thereby enhancing soil fertility and reducing risks of soil degradation and environmental pollution. The research results provide a robust scientific foundation for the widespread application of the TN1 organic–biofertilizer in orange production systems in Thanh Hoa Province and ecologically similar regions, contributing significantly to green agricultural development, enhancing economic value, and reducing environmental impacts in fruit cultivation.