RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY AND COFFEE WASTE CONTENT IN MORTAR UNDER DIFFERENT EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
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Abstract
ASTRACT
This study investigates the relationship between compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and coffee waste content when spent coffee grounds are used as a partial replacement for natural sand in mortar mixtures under different aggressive environmental conditions, including water, sulfate solution, chloride solution, and a combined sulfate–chloride environment. Mortar specimens were prepared with coffee waste replacement levels ranging from 0% to 20% by mass of sand. The results indicate that, in all exposure conditions, both compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity increase with curing time, while decreasing with increasing coffee waste content. Predictive models were developed to estimate compressive strength at 28 and 56 days based on coffee waste content and UPV, with the support of artificial intelligence techniques. The proposed correlations exhibit high reliability and demonstrate strong potential for application in predicting compressive strength using non-destructive testing methods under various environmental conditions.
Keywords
mortar, spent coffee grounds, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, aggressive environmental condition
Article Details
References
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