The objective of this study is to systematize the multidimensional picture of digital transformation barriers in high schools. The research employs a systematic literature review design guided by the PRISMA framework, screening and conducting an in-depth analysis of 33 scientific papers from reputable academic databases. The findings highlight a novel revelation: the core bottleneck determining the success or failure of digital transformation lies not in physical infrastructure readiness, but stems from cultural inertia, teachers' psychological resistance to change, a lack of advanced digital pedagogical competencies, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Consequently, this requires educational administrators to shift from a hardware-centric approach to a comprehensive leadership model, centering on dismantling human psychological barriers to foster an equitable, secure, and sustainable educational environment.