ỨNG DỤNG TRỢ LÝ ẢO AI TRONG GIÁO DỤC ĐẠI HỌC: TỔNG QUAN CÁC MÔ HÌNH VÀ HƯỚNG TIẾP CẬN TRONG XÂY DỰNG HỆ THỐNG TRỢ LÝ ẢO AI HỖ TRỢ HỌC TẬP
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Trong bối cảnh giáo dục đại học chuyển dịch mạnh mẽ theo hướng số hóa, trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) ngày càng giữ vai trò thiết yếu trong việc đổi mới phương thức dạy và học, đặc biệt đối với e-learning và blended learning. Trợ lý áo AI (có thể hiểu là Chatbot AI) không chỉ giúp cá nhân hóa lộ trình học, cung cấp phản hồi tức thời cho sinh viên, mà còn hỗ trợ giảng viên thiết kế học liệu, giám sát tiến trình và giảm tải các công việc lặp lại. Dù vậy, Trợ lý áo AI không phải là giải pháp thay thế hoàn toàn giảng viên. Hiệu quả của công nghệ này phụ thuộc chặt chẽ vào cách tích hợp và giám sát dưới góc độ sư phạm, quản trị hệ thống cũng như đạo đức sử dụng. Bài viết này nhằm tổng hợp các hướng ứng dụng AI và Trợ lý áo AI, phân tích những mô hình tiêu biểu và khái quát các kết quả nghiên cứu nổi bật. Qua đó, nghiên cứu thảo luận để chỉ ra những khoảng trống cần tiếp tục làm rõ, góp phần nâng cao năng lực và khả năng thích ứng của hệ thống trợ lý áo AI trong giáo dục đại học hiện nay.
Từ khóa
AI, Trợ lý áo AI, Đại học, Đào tạo
Chi tiết bài viết
Tài liệu tham khảo
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Adamopoulou, E., Moussiades, L. (2020). An Overview of Chatbot Technology. In: Maglogiannis, I., Iliadis, L., Pimenidis, E. (eds) Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2020. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 584. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49186-4_31
Akhmadieva, R. S., Kalmazova, N. A., Belova, T., Prokopyev, A., Molodozhnikova, N. M., & Spichak, V. Y. (2024). Research trends in the use of artificial intelligence in higher education. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1438715.
Al Darayseh, A. (2023). Acceptance of artificial intelligence in teaching science: Science teachers' perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100132
Alamri, H. A., Watson, S., & Watson, W. (2021). Learning technology models that support personalization within blended learning environments in higher education. TechTrends, 65, 62–78.
Baskara, N. (2023). Chatbots and flipped learning: Enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes through personalised support and collaboration. International Journal of Recent Educational Research.
Bates, T., Cobo, C., Marino, O., & Wheeler, S. (2020). Can artificial intelligence transform higher education? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17, Article 42.
Beege, M., Ninaus, M., Schneider, S., Nebel, S., Schlemmel, J., Weidenmüller, J., Moeller, K., & Rey, G. D. (2020). Investigating the effects of beat and deictic gestures of a lecturer in educational videos. Computers & Education, 156, Article 103955.
Bhutoria, A. (2022). Personalized education and artificial intelligence in the United States, China, and India: A systematic review using a Human-In-The-Loop model. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100068.
Chen, Y., Jensen, S., Albert, L. J., Gupta, S., & Lee, T. (2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Student Assistants in the Classroom: Designing Chatbots to Support Student Success. Information Systems Frontiers, 25, 161-182.
Chocarro, R., Cortiñas, M., & Marcos-Matás, G. (2021). Teachers’ attitudes towards chatbots in education: A technology acceptance model approach considering the effect of social language, bot proactiveness, and users’ characteristics. Educational Studies, 47(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1850426
Corbett, A. T., & Anderson, J. R. (1994). Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 4(4), 253–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01099821
Corbi, A. (2024). AI and University. A Successful Marriage. In Lecture Notes in Educational Technology: Vol. Part F3960 (pp. 111–126). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_8
Cunningham-Nelson, S., Boles, W., Trouton, L., & Margerison, E. (2019). A Review of Chatbots in Education: Practical Steps Forward. AAEE Conference Proceedings.
Duong, T., & Suppasetseree, S. (2024). The effects of an artificial intelligence voice Chatbot on improving Vietnamese undergraduate students’ English speaking skills. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research.
Essel, H. B., Vlachopoulos, D., Tachie-Menson, A., Johnson, E. E., & Baah, P. K. (2022). The impact of a virtual teaching assistant (chatbot) on students' learning in Ghanaian higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), Article 57.
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Hobert, S. (2019). Say Hello to ‘Coding Tutor’! Design and Evaluation of a Chatbotbased Learning System Supporting Students to Learn to Program. Fortieth International Conference on Information Systems.
Hwang, G. J., & Chang, C. Y. (2021). A review of opportunities and challenges of Chatbots in education. Interactive Learning Environments.
Inman, W. (2022). Classroom Chatbot Improves Student Performance, Study Says. Truy cập: https://news.gsu.edu/2022/03/21/classroom-chatbot-improves-student-performance-study-says/
Kabudi, T., Pappas, I. O., & Olsen, D. H. (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100017.
Knobloch, J., Kaltenbach, J., & Brügge, B. (2018). Increasing student engagement in higher education using a context-aware Q&A teaching framework. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training. Pp: 136–145.
Koedinger, K. R., & Corbett, A. (2006). Cognitive Tutors: Technology Bringing Learning Science to the Classroom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255519934
Liao, X., & Pan, X. (2023). Application of Virtual Assistants in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis in WOS Using CiteSpace. 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1145/3588243.3588274
Mashilo, N., & Shekgola, M. (2024). Utilising artificial intelligence Chatbots for student support at comprehensive open distance e-learning higher learning institutions in the fifth industrial revolution. Journal of Education Society & Multiculturalism.
McCarthy, S., Palmer, E., & Falkner, N. (2025). Personalising with AI in higher education: Exploring educator characteristics and their role in shaping blended learning. Higher Education Research & Development, 44(8), 2030–2046.
Neumann, A. T., et al. (2021). Chatbots as a Tool to Scale Mentoring Processes: Individually Supporting Self-Study in Higher Education. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4, 668220.
Nguyen, A., Hong, Y., Dang, B., & Huang, X. (2024). Human-AI collaboration patterns in chatbots-assisted academic writing. Studies in Higher Education, 49(5), 847864.
Ouyang, F., Zheng, L., & Jiao, P. (2022). Artificial intelligence in online higher education: A systematic review of empirical research from 2011 to 2020. Education and Information Technologies, 27(6), 7893–7925.
Prematillake, T. M., & Lim, I. (2018). The role of unplanned encounters and complexity of influences in foreign graduates' first full-time job search in Singapore. Journal of International Students, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i1.152
Reicher, H., Frenkel, Y., Lavi, M. J., Nasser, R., Milo, Y., Sheinin, R., Shtaif, M., & Milo, T. (2025). A generative AI-empowered digital tutor for higher education courses. Information, 16(4), Article 264.
Roca, M. D. L., Chan, M. M., Garcia-Cabot, A., Garcia-Lopez, E., & AmadoSalvatierra, H. (2024). The impact of a Chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement. Computer Applications in Engineering Education.
Sajja, R., Sermet, Y., Cwiertny, D., & Demir, I. (2023). Platform-independent and curriculum-oriented intelligent assistant for higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, Article 42.
Salem, M., & Shaalan, K. (2023). ChatGPT: Advancing Education with Virtual Assistants. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 394 SIST, 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3980-6_25
Smutny, P., & Schreiberova, P. (2020). Chatbots for learning: A review of educational chatbots for the Facebook Messenger. Computers & Education, 151, 103862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103862
Vanichvasin, P. (2021). Chatbot Development as a Digital Learning Tool to Increase Students’ Research Knowledge. International Education Studies, 14 (2), 44-52.
Yang, S. J. H., Ogata, H., Matsui, T., & Chen, N. S. (2021). Human-centered artificial intelligence in education: Seeing the invisible through the visible. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100008.
Youssef Alyoussef, I., Mohammed Drwish, A., Adel Albakheet, F., Hassan Alhajhoj, R., & Ahmed Al-Mousa, A. (2025). AI Adoption for Collaboration: Factors Influencing Inclusive Learning Adoption in Higher Education. IEEE Access, 13, 81690–81713. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3567656.
Adamopoulou, E., Moussiades, L. (2020). An Overview of Chatbot Technology. In: Maglogiannis, I., Iliadis, L., Pimenidis, E. (eds) Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2020. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 584. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49186-4_31
Akhmadieva, R. S., Kalmazova, N. A., Belova, T., Prokopyev, A., Molodozhnikova, N. M., & Spichak, V. Y. (2024). Research trends in the use of artificial intelligence in higher education. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1438715.
Al Darayseh, A. (2023). Acceptance of artificial intelligence in teaching science: Science teachers' perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100132
Alamri, H. A., Watson, S., & Watson, W. (2021). Learning technology models that support personalization within blended learning environments in higher education. TechTrends, 65, 62–78.
Baskara, N. (2023). Chatbots and flipped learning: Enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes through personalised support and collaboration. International Journal of Recent Educational Research.
Bates, T., Cobo, C., Marino, O., & Wheeler, S. (2020). Can artificial intelligence transform higher education? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17, Article 42.
Beege, M., Ninaus, M., Schneider, S., Nebel, S., Schlemmel, J., Weidenmüller, J., Moeller, K., & Rey, G. D. (2020). Investigating the effects of beat and deictic gestures of a lecturer in educational videos. Computers & Education, 156, Article 103955.
Bhutoria, A. (2022). Personalized education and artificial intelligence in the United States, China, and India: A systematic review using a Human-In-The-Loop model. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, Article 100068.
Chen, Y., Jensen, S., Albert, L. J., Gupta, S., & Lee, T. (2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Student Assistants in the Classroom: Designing Chatbots to Support Student Success. Information Systems Frontiers, 25, 161-182.
Chocarro, R., Cortiñas, M., & Marcos-Matás, G. (2021). Teachers’ attitudes towards chatbots in education: A technology acceptance model approach considering the effect of social language, bot proactiveness, and users’ characteristics. Educational Studies, 47(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1850426
Corbett, A. T., & Anderson, J. R. (1994). Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 4(4), 253–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01099821
Corbi, A. (2024). AI and University. A Successful Marriage. In Lecture Notes in Educational Technology: Vol. Part F3960 (pp. 111–126). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_8
Cunningham-Nelson, S., Boles, W., Trouton, L., & Margerison, E. (2019). A Review of Chatbots in Education: Practical Steps Forward. AAEE Conference Proceedings.
Duong, T., & Suppasetseree, S. (2024). The effects of an artificial intelligence voice Chatbot on improving Vietnamese undergraduate students’ English speaking skills. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research.
Essel, H. B., Vlachopoulos, D., Tachie-Menson, A., Johnson, E. E., & Baah, P. K. (2022). The impact of a virtual teaching assistant (chatbot) on students' learning in Ghanaian higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), Article 57.
Essel, H., Adjei, E., & Tchamalo, B. (2022). The impact of a virtual teaching assistant (Chatbot) on students' learning in Ghanaian higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education.
Hobert, S. (2019). Say Hello to ‘Coding Tutor’! Design and Evaluation of a Chatbotbased Learning System Supporting Students to Learn to Program. Fortieth International Conference on Information Systems.
Hwang, G. J., & Chang, C. Y. (2021). A review of opportunities and challenges of Chatbots in education. Interactive Learning Environments.
Inman, W. (2022). Classroom Chatbot Improves Student Performance, Study Says. Truy cập: https://news.gsu.edu/2022/03/21/classroom-chatbot-improves-student-performance-study-says/
Kabudi, T., Pappas, I. O., & Olsen, D. H. (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100017.
Knobloch, J., Kaltenbach, J., & Brügge, B. (2018). Increasing student engagement in higher education using a context-aware Q&A teaching framework. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training. Pp: 136–145.
Koedinger, K. R., & Corbett, A. (2006). Cognitive Tutors: Technology Bringing Learning Science to the Classroom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255519934
Liao, X., & Pan, X. (2023). Application of Virtual Assistants in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis in WOS Using CiteSpace. 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1145/3588243.3588274
Mashilo, N., & Shekgola, M. (2024). Utilising artificial intelligence Chatbots for student support at comprehensive open distance e-learning higher learning institutions in the fifth industrial revolution. Journal of Education Society & Multiculturalism.
McCarthy, S., Palmer, E., & Falkner, N. (2025). Personalising with AI in higher education: Exploring educator characteristics and their role in shaping blended learning. Higher Education Research & Development, 44(8), 2030–2046.
Neumann, A. T., et al. (2021). Chatbots as a Tool to Scale Mentoring Processes: Individually Supporting Self-Study in Higher Education. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4, 668220.
Nguyen, A., Hong, Y., Dang, B., & Huang, X. (2024). Human-AI collaboration patterns in chatbots-assisted academic writing. Studies in Higher Education, 49(5), 847864.
Ouyang, F., Zheng, L., & Jiao, P. (2022). Artificial intelligence in online higher education: A systematic review of empirical research from 2011 to 2020. Education and Information Technologies, 27(6), 7893–7925.
Prematillake, T. M., & Lim, I. (2018). The role of unplanned encounters and complexity of influences in foreign graduates' first full-time job search in Singapore. Journal of International Students, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i1.152
Reicher, H., Frenkel, Y., Lavi, M. J., Nasser, R., Milo, Y., Sheinin, R., Shtaif, M., & Milo, T. (2025). A generative AI-empowered digital tutor for higher education courses. Information, 16(4), Article 264.
Roca, M. D. L., Chan, M. M., Garcia-Cabot, A., Garcia-Lopez, E., & AmadoSalvatierra, H. (2024). The impact of a Chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement. Computer Applications in Engineering Education.
Sajja, R., Sermet, Y., Cwiertny, D., & Demir, I. (2023). Platform-independent and curriculum-oriented intelligent assistant for higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, Article 42.
Salem, M., & Shaalan, K. (2023). ChatGPT: Advancing Education with Virtual Assistants. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 394 SIST, 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3980-6_25
Smutny, P., & Schreiberova, P. (2020). Chatbots for learning: A review of educational chatbots for the Facebook Messenger. Computers & Education, 151, 103862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103862
Vanichvasin, P. (2021). Chatbot Development as a Digital Learning Tool to Increase Students’ Research Knowledge. International Education Studies, 14 (2), 44-52.
Yang, S. J. H., Ogata, H., Matsui, T., & Chen, N. S. (2021). Human-centered artificial intelligence in education: Seeing the invisible through the visible. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100008.
Youssef Alyoussef, I., Mohammed Drwish, A., Adel Albakheet, F., Hassan Alhajhoj, R., & Ahmed Al-Mousa, A. (2025). AI Adoption for Collaboration: Factors Influencing Inclusive Learning Adoption in Higher Education. IEEE Access, 13, 81690–81713. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3567656.